How to use
Enter liquid amount, density and specific heat, initial/target temperatures, input power, efficiency and average heat-loss power.
Example calculation
1000 L, 1 kg/L, cp = 4.2; 20→80°C: 70 kWh. 10 kW, 90% efficiency, 2 kW loss: 10 hours, 100 kWh input.
Calculation method
m = Vρ E[kWh] = m × cp × (T₂−T₁) / 3600 Pnet = Pin × η/100 − Ploss t[h] = E/Pnet; Einput = Pin × t
Calculation limits
Assumes constant properties, mixed liquid and constant heat loss. Excludes boiling, phase change and heating the tank itself; verify cp for the actual liquid.